Kev noj zaub mov kom tsis muaj menyuam yog tsom rau cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom ua tiav. Los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua rau cov khoom noj tsis zoo-cov kab mob, cov zaub mov zoo ruaj khov, lub txee lub neej ntawm cov zaub mov tau zoo, thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob phem hauv cov zaub mov raug txo. Kom muaj nuj nqis, zam kom tsis txhob noj cov kab mob nyob ua rau tib neeg lub cev (feem ntau yog plab hnyuv) kab mob los yog cov kab mob co toxins uas tsim hauv cov zaub mov ua ntej ua rau tib neeg lom.
1. Kev noj zaub mov kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov yog ib txoj haujlwm tsim nyog, uas yuav tsum tau sau thiab txheeb xyuas ib qho los ntawm ib qho. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom, txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib kis yog tib yam, feem ntau yog kev qias neeg sab nraud thiab kev kis tus kheej.
Khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb yog hais txog cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab tsis ua rau mob hnyav, subacute lossis mob ntev rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Kab lus no tsuas yog teev cov txheej txheem kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov kev daws teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.
2. Cov pa phem sab nraud Cov khoom noj uas muaj kab mob sab nraud yog cov kab mob kis los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis yog nws cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom tiav ib nrab thaum ua tiav, xws li cov kab mob sib kis hauv dej, cov kab mob kis kab mob thib ob hauv huab cua, thiab theem nrab crossover ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tes, khoom siv, ntim khoom. , cov cuab yeej, thiab cov thawv hloov pauv. Cov kab mob, cov khoom ntim khoom tsis huv, thiab lwm yam.
1 Dej kom tsis muaj menyuam
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet Kev siv cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet nrog lub wavelength ntawm 260nm rau irradiate microorganisms tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov molecules ua rau tuag. Cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm ntau lub thawv ntim khoom noj, tab sis kuj rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov nqaij tsiaj, cov dej qab zib, cov dej haus npias, zaub, ntses thiab ntses thiab lawv cov khoom, dej txias, thiab thawing dej rau cov ntses khov.
Ozone disinfection Ozone muaj qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 48, uas yog tsim los ntawm peb cov pa atoms hauv cov qauv resonance. Nws yog ib qho muaj zog oxidant thiab muaj zog tua kab mob. Nws lub zog oxidizing yog lub zog oxidant thib ob tsuas yog fluorine hauv cov khoom ntuj. Solubility ntawm ozone rau dej Nws yog 13 npaug ntawm cov pa oxygen, tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv dej hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, thiab muaj lub zog ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm 3000 npaug ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine, uas txo qis cov kab mob rov ua dua tshiab hauv dej thiab qhia meej txog cov tshuaj chlorine. dej zoo. Yog li ntawd, ozone tuaj yeem siv los ntxuav dej.
2 Cov kab mob tua kab mob hauv huab cua
Kev ywj pheej huab cua purification thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov zaub mov dynamic disinfection tshuab muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv xws li txee hom, phab ntsa-mounted hom thiab qab nthab hom. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tes, thawj ob txhais tes ntub dej, tso cov kua xab npum, txhuam ob txhais tes dua, thiab tom qab ntawd yaug lawv hauv qab ntawm qhov induction faucet; nws yuav muab tso rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob cua ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tsis siv neeg, thiab cua kub yuav cia li tshuab tawm kom qhuav ntawm tes; Thaum kawg, 75% cawv yog ntxiv rau qhov tsis siv neeg induction tes sterilizer, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav cia li txau tawm ntawm tes los tua kab mob, kom koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub rooj cob qhia ncaj qha.
Intrinsic pollution Intrinsic pollution yog cov kab mob uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus raw khoom thiab cov khoom ua tiav. Muab faib rau hauv ci, dej haus, khoom siv dej, khoom noj txom ncauj, khoom noj yooj yim, npias, cov khoom soy, cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv.
3 Microwave sterilization
yog amicrowave mixing systemtsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj kev sib txuas thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem kho Pasteurella nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub me me. Siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw no, lub zog microwave tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm cov zaub mov ua tiav, rhuab mus rau 72 ~ 85 ℃, khaws cia rau ob peb feeb, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv chav cia nrog qhov kub ntawm tsuas yog 15 ℃. Cov tshuab no yog tsim rau cov khoom noj uas twb tau ntim lawm xws li khob cij, jams, sausages thiab pancakes, thiab lub txee lub neej ntawm cov zaub mov tiav tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau tshaj 6 lub hlis.
4
Gene sterilization
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev los tua Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog cais cov noob los ntawm cov kab mob. Cov noob no tshwj xeeb tsim cov khoom uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov kab mob thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev tsim cov biofilm los ua ke. Lub cev, nws toxicity yog txo, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ntxuav.
5
Electron beam sterilization
Cov kab hluav taws xob los yog cov xaim hluav taws xob yog cua sov hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab cov cathode tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Vim hais tias cov electrons dhau los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev hluav taws xob, qhov ceev yog ceev, lub zog yog siab, thiab lub zog nkag tau zoo, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsis muaj menyuam. Cov thev naus laus zis no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, ua kom tsis muaj menyuam sai, thiab tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej pabcuam.
6
Sib nqus sterilization
Siv 0.6 lub zog tshwj xeeb sib nqus, cov khoom noj tau muab tso rau ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm cov hlau nplaum, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog sib nqus tau hloov tas li los ntawm kev co, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav 100% sterilization nyhuv yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tsw thiab khoom noj khoom haus. zaub mov.
7
Resistance cua sov sterilization
Siv cov cuab yeej siv cua sov, cia tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv ua kom muaj cua sov kom tsis muaj menyuam. Cov cuab yeej no tsim nyog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab feem ntau ua zaub mov. Tom qab cov zaub mov tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv chav sov li 1 xyoos.
8
Pasteurization
Cov kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yog 61 ° C-63 ° C / 30 feeb, lossis 72 ° C-75 ° C / 15 feeb-20 feeb. Lub tshuab pasteurization yog ua kom qhov kub thiab txias qis dua 100 degrees Celsius rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm tom qab sau thiab kaw cov zaub mov hauv lub thawv ntim kom tua cov kab mob hauv lub thawv ntim khoom. Pasteurization tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob pathogenic feem ntau, tab sis lub peev xwm los tua cov kab mob uas tsis yog-pathogenic spoilage thiab lawv cov spores tsis txaus. Yog tias pasteurization ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev khaws cia, xws li tub yees, khov, deoxygenation, ntim tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qee lub txee lub neej.
Pasteurization thev naus laus zis feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm citrus thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, vim tias pH tus nqi ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qis dua 4.5, tsis muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, thiab cov khoom ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yog cov poov xab, pwm thiab lactobacilli. Tsis tas li ntawd, pasteurization kuj tseem siv rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm jams, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv kaus poom hauv syrup, npias, cov zaub hauv kaus poom, pickles, thiab lwm yam. Pasteurization muaj cov kua qaub ruaj khov rau cov khoom noj uas muaj kua qaub. Rau cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj kua qaub uas tsis tiv taus kev kho cov av noo, tsuav yog cov cwj pwm noj tsis cuam tshuam, pH tus nqi feem ntau hloov kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua qaub lossis siv cov microbial fermentation los tsim cov kua qaub. Txo rau cov khoom noj uas muaj kua qaub, qhov kub thiab txias kom tsis muaj menyuam tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev khaws cov khoom noj kom zoo thiab ruaj khov. Txoj kev no siv sijhawm ntev thiab tsis haum rau cov khoom noj uas muaj cua sov.
9
Kub kub lub sij hawm luv luv sterilization (HTST)
Cov kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yog 85 ° C-90 ° C / 3 feeb mus rau 5 feeb, lossis 95 ° C / 12 feeb cua sov kom ze li ntawm 100 ° C, thiab tom qab ntawd txias txias rau chav sov. Txoj kev no siv sijhawm luv luv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam zoo. Feem ntau tuaj yeem tua cov poov xab, pwm, cov kab mob lactic acid, thiab lwm yam. Ob txoj kev no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, cov cuab yeej siv me me, thiab daim ntawv thov ntev ntev. Niaj hnub no, lawv tau siv dav hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm ntau yam khoom noj kaus poom, dej haus, cawv, tshuaj, thiab khoom noj siv mis.
10
Ultra High Temperature Instantaneous Sterilization (UHT)
tau tawm hauv xyoo 1949 nrog cov tsos ntawm Stork ntaus ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd ntau hom kev ua kom tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb. Ultra-siab kub sterilization lub sij hawm luv luv yog kom sov cov zaub mov mus rau qhov kub siab (siab tshaj 130 ° C) nyob rau hauv ib qho instant kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm sterilization. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob txoj hauv kev: cua sov ncaj qha thiab cua sov tsis ncaj. Txoj kev cua sov ncaj qha yog txau cov cua kub siab ncaj qha rau ntawm cov zaub mov kom cov zaub mov nce siab tshaj plaws, ncav cuag 140 ° C-160 ° C hauv ob peb vib nas this, tswj nws li ob peb vib nas this, ces tshem tawm cov dej hauv. lub tshuab nqus tsev chamber, thiab ces txias nws mus rau qhov chaw nrog ib tug aseptic txias chav tsev kub.
Indirect cua sov txoj kev yog xaiv phaj kub exchanger, raj kub exchanger, scraper tshav kub exchanger raws li viscosity thiab particle loj ntawm cov zaub mov. Lub phaj kub exchanger yog tsim rau cov khoom noj ua kua nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqaij mos tsis tshaj 1% -3%. Lub raj cua kub exchanger muaj ntau yam khoom thiab tuaj yeem ua cov khoom noj ua kua xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab. Qhov twg lub phaj kub exchanger yuav ua rau coking los yog blockage, tab sis lub viscosity tsis txaus siv cov scraper kub exchanger, lub raj kub exchanger yuav siv tau. Lub scraper cua sov exchanger yog nruab nrog ib tug rotator nrog cov hniav, uas yog scraped nyob rau hauv lub cua sov nto los thawb lub high-viscosity zaub mov rau pem hauv ntej kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm cua sov thiab sterilizing.
Cov nyhuv ntawm ultra-siab kub instantaneous sterilization yog zoo heev, uas yuav luag tau raws li los yog mus kom ze rau cov kev cai ntawm kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab lub sij hawm kom tsis muaj menyuam yog luv luv, cov as-ham nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog tsawg puas, cov zaub mov zoo yuav luag tsis hloov, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov khaws cia yog ntau tshaj 92%. Qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov siab heev, thiab cov nyhuv zoo dua li ob txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj cua sov. Ultra-siab kub sterilization ntaus ntawv uas koom tes nrog cov zaub mov aseptic ntim tshuab tau tsim sai heev nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thiab tam sim no tau tsim rau hauv high-tech zaub mov sterilization technology. Tam sim no, hom kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam no tau siv dav hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov khoom xws li mis nyuj, kua mis, cawv, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ntau yam dej haus. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua kom tsis muaj zaub mov tom qab muab tso rau hauv dej kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub no.
11 Superheated steam sterilization technology
tseem hu ua dry heat sterilization. Nws siv cov cua kub kub superheated rau kom tsis muaj menyuam, uas yog, siv cov cua kub superheated nrog qhov kub ntawm 130 ℃ - 160 ℃ los txau rau ntawm cov khoom kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ob peb feeb. Tam sim no, superheated chav sterilization tshuab tsuas yog tsim rau cov cua sov. Sterilization ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom noj (xws li cov khoom siv hlau, cov khoom iav, thiab lwm yam). Cov kaus poom hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntim ntxov tshaj plaws uas siv hauv cov ntim aseptic. Lawv feem ntau muab faib ua tinplate poom thiab txhuas cov kaus poom. Tam sim no, cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm aseptic ntim cov kaus poom hlau hauv ntiaj teb tau txais los ntawm Dole aseptic canning system hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov no sterilization tshuab.
Txoj kev yog tias thaum lub khoob tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov saw hlau conveyor, superheated chav yog txau los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab rau 45 vib nas this. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov kub ntawm lub tank nce mus txog 221 ℃ -224 ℃, thiab lub hau kuj tseem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam nrog cov chav superheated ntawm 287 ℃ - 316 ℃ rau 75 vib nas this. Rau 90 vib nas this, qhov kub siab no txaus los tua tag nrho cov kab mob kub-resistant. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam los ntawm cov chav superheated, qhov degree ntawm sterility yog siab, muaj cov pa seem me me nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv sab saum toj ntawm lub kaus poom, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev siab, thiab cov khoom zoo muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ntseeg tau.
12 Irradiation sterilization technology
Txij li thaum muaj kev thaj yeeb ntawm kev siv lub zog atomic, tom qab ntau tshaj 40 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob, tib neeg tau ntse siv atomic hluav taws xob tshuab rau zaub mov kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab khaws cia. Irradiation yog ib txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam txias uas siv X, β, γ rays los yog cov hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm (feem ntau yog Co60 thiab Cs137 γ rays) txhawm rau nkag mus rau zaub mov kom tua cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag hauv cov zaub mov.
Cov zaub mov irradiated los yog kab mob yuav tsim ions, zoo siab lub xeev molecules los yog molecular fragments, thiab cov khoom no yuav cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los tsim cov tebchaw sib txawv ntawm cov khoom qub. Raws li kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov ntaub ntawv irradiated los yog cov kab mob tseem yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm cov kab tsuag, qe, cov protein, nucleic acids thiab enzymes uas txhawb cov tshuaj biochemical, yog li xaus cov txheej txheem ntawm yaig. thiab kev loj hlob thiab kev laus ntawm cov khoom ua liaj ua teb thiab zaub mov, thiab tswj kom ruaj khov zoo.
Irradiated cov khoom noj tshiab khaws cia muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Nws tsis tsim kom muaj cua sov los yog ua rau cov zaub mov tsis zoo. Nws tuaj yeem tuav cov xim qub, aroma, saj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom noj, thiab nws tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv chav sov ntev. Nws yog khoom noj khoom haus ceev-tsim high-tech, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv cov teb chaws tsim. Muaj ntau tshaj 60 irradiation li nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj (nrog ib qhov chaw ntawm ntau tshaj 100,000 Curies). Cov hluav taws xob siv rau irradiate ntim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog nkag tau zoo thiab siab ua kom tuag taus. Los ntawm cov hluav taws xob no, cov kab mob pathogenic, kab mob thiab kab kab mob cab hauv cov zaub mov raug tua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov zaub mov kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov zaub mov nws tus kheej tom qab raug irradiated, kom nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo thiab pwm ntawm cov zaub mov.
13 Ultra-siab siab sterilization tshuab
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Nyiv tau tsim ib yam tshiab ntawm kev ua zaub mov thiab khaws cia technology, uas yog ultra-high pressure sterilization technology. Kev kho mob siab ultra-siab muaj qee qhov zoo uas kev kho cua sov thiab lwm txoj hauv kev tsis muaj. Nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom qab zib, khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab xim ntawm cov zaub mov (xws li nqaij, thiab lwm yam), thiab tua cov poov xab, E. coli, thiab txiv hmab hauv cov zaub mov. Cocci thiab lwm yam kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.
Lub npe hu ua high static pressure technology (HHP) yog muab cov khoom noj rau hauv lub thawv elastic los yog muab tso rau hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog (feem ntau yog cov dej los yog lwm cov kua dej siv los ua qhov nruab nrab rau kev xa mus rau siab), thiab ua haujlwm hauv siab. static siab (feem ntau siab dua 100MPa) Lub sij hawm ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua thiab khaws cia. Nyob rau hauv lub siab, cov proteins thiab enzymes yuav denatured, thiab lub nuclear membrane ntawm microbes yuav compressed mus rau hauv ntau me me fragments thiab protoplasm, thiab lwm yam yuav muab tshuaj txhuam ua ke. Qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tau no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm microbes. Kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob ua raws li kev txiav txim thawj zaug kinetics.
Rau feem ntau cov kab mob tsis muaj kab mob, cov nyhuv ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yog qhov zoo ntawm chav tsev kub thiab 450MPa siab. Bacillus spores yog lub siab-resistant, siab dua yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab nws feem ntau siv tau nrog lwm yam kev kho mob xws li cua sov. Qhov kub thiab txias, nruab nrab, thiab lwm yam muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau hom thiab cov nyhuv ntawm cov zaub mov ultra-siab siab sterilization. Ib ntus rov ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau zaus yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tua cov kab mob siab-siab ntev. Ultra-siab siab sterilizer tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv Nyiv muaj kev khiav hauj lwm siab ntawm 304MPa ~ 507MPa. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ultra-high pressure sterilization yog tias nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tsw qab, vitamin C, pigments, thiab lwm yam hauv cov khoom noj, nrog me ntsis poob ntawm cov as-ham. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau sterilization ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv, jams, nqaij thiab lwm yam khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv 300MPa-400MPa ultra-siab siab sterilization ntawm cov nqaij kuj tuaj yeem tawg cov nqaij fibers thiab txhim kho cov rhiab ntawm cov khoom nqaij.
14 Ultrasonic sterilization tshuab
Ultrasound yog lub suab nthwv dej uas muaj zaus ntau dua 10kHz. Ultrasonic nthwv dej yog cov nthwv dej ntev zoo li lub suab tsis zoo. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ultrasonic thiab suab kis nruab nrab muaj lub zog loj. Thaum nws ntsib cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsim ceev alternating compression thiab expansion. Lub zog no txaus los tua thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Nws tseem tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov khoom noj, xws li homogenization, kev laus, thiab tawg ntawm cov tshuaj macromolecular, thiab muaj ntau yam teebmeem uas nyuaj rau kev ua tiav los ntawm lwm txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam hauv lub cev, txhawm rau txhim kho cov zaub mov zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov. Cov kws tshaj lij siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob ultrasonic ua cov khoom siv kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab cov kua ntses ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
15 Sterilization technology
Hydrogen peroxide yog ib hom kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam nrog lub peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj zog, uas muaj qhov dav-spectrum sterilization nyhuv ntawm cov kab mob. Nws lub zog ua kom tsis muaj menyuam muaj feem xyuam rau qhov concentration thiab kub ntawm hydrogen peroxide. Qhov siab dua qhov concentration thiab siab dua qhov kub, qhov zoo dua nws cov nyhuv sterilization. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, cov nyhuv sterilization ntawm hydrogen peroxide tsis muaj zog. Hydrogen peroxide feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov ntim ntim thiab cov khoom siv pabcuam. Thaum siv hydrogen peroxide rau kom tsis muaj menyuam, nws cov concentration feem ntau yog tswj ntawm 25% -30%, thiab qhov kub ntawm 60 ℃ -65 ℃.
Cov kev siv muaj xws li dipping txoj kev (uas yog, immersing lub ntim khoom los yog thawv nyob rau hauv hydrogen peroxide) thiab tshuaj tsuag txoj kev (uas yog, tshuaj tsuag hydrogen peroxide rau ntawm cov khoom ntim), thiaj li hais tias ib tug uniform txheej ntawm hydrogen peroxide yog muab tso rau saum npoo. cov khoom ntim, thiab tom qab ntawd cov cua sov yog radiated. Ua tiav evaporate thiab decompose rau hauv dej tsis muaj pa thiab oxygen, thiab tib lub sijhawm txhim kho cov nyhuv kom tsis muaj menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, hydrogen peroxide tsis tshua siv ib leeg hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab feem ntau yog siv nrog rau lwm yam kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Piv txwv li, hydrogen peroxide cua sov yog ib txoj kev siv dav, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom ntim tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev no.
Soak los yog tshuaj tsuag nrog kub hydrogen peroxide, thiab tom qab ntawd kub nws kom volatilize thiab decompose cov hydrogen peroxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom ntim. Cua sov nws tus kheej kuj muaj cov nyhuv antibacterial. Cov cuab yeej sib txawv muaj cov cua kub sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau nws yog cua sov los ntawm cua kub tsis muaj menyuam. Cov txheej txheem xws li Tetra Pak Aseptic Filling System los ntawm Tetra Pak, Sweden, International Paper' s Aseptic Filling System, Combiloe Aseptic Filling System los ntawm PKL, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab lwm yam., hydrogen peroxide + ultraviolet lub teeb, uas yog, low-concentration hydrogen peroxide (< 1%)="" kev="" daws,="" ua="" ke="" nrog="" kev="" siv="" tshuaj="" tua="" kab="" mob="" ultraviolet="" hluav="" taws="" xob="" kom="" tsis="" muaj="" menyuam,="" kom="" tau="" txais="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" zoo="" kom="" tsis="" muaj="" menyuam,="" uas="" yog="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb="" tshaj="" qhov="" ua="" kom="" tsis="" muaj="" menyuam="" ntawm="" hydrogen="" peroxide="" ua="" ke="" nrog.="" kev="" kho="" cua="" sov.="" txoj="" kev="" ua="" kom="" tsis="" muaj="" menyuam="" no="" tsuas="" yog="" yuav="" tsum="" tau="" ua="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" chav="" tsev="" kub="" kom="" ua="" kom="" tsis="" muaj="" menyuam="" tam="" sim="" ntawd.="" qhov="" yuav="" tsum="" tau="" ua="" kom="" tsis="" muaj="" menyuam="" nrog="" hydrogen="" peroxide="" thiab="" lwm="" yam="" tshuaj="" yog="" los="" xyuas="" kom="" meej="" tias="" cov="" tshuaj="" seem="" ntawm="" cov="" khoom="" yuav="" tsum="" qis="" dua="" li="" cov="" kev="">
17 Ultraviolet sterilization
Thaum cov pa phem organic dhau los ntawm thaj chaw hluav taws xob ultraviolet, cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov cell membrane thiab cell nucleus ntawm cov kab mob, rhuav tshem cov molecular bonds ntawm DNA, thiab ua rau nws tsis muaj peev xwm rov ua dua lossis poob haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, lub hlwb tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua, thiab cov kab mob yuav tuag sai sai.
Lub tshuab tua kab mob hauv tsev muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob uas dhau los ntawm nws cov kab mob irradiation, uas yog hais tias, cov kab mob uas tsis tau raug tua thaum dhau los ntawm cheeb tsam UV irradiation thawj zaug yuav raug tua nyob rau hauv lub voj voog tom ntej. Ultraviolet rays rhuav tshem lub peev xwm regenerative ntawm cov kab mob, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Vim hais tias ib tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau ntau pua lossis ntau lab tus kab mob hauv 24 teev, qhov no kuj txhais tau tias txawm tias cov lim cua zoo tshaj plaws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kab mob tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, ultraviolet sterilization yog kho rau cov hauv paus hniav.
Cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau rau cov kab mob tua kab mob los ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet thiab lub sij hawm irradiation. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet (UV) yog qhov ua tau zoo, nyab xeeb, tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, thiab kev lag luam thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob pathogenic, kab mob thiab protozoa, thiab nws tsis tshua muaj tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov dej purification, dej phwj tuaj, rov qab siv dej thiab kev kho dej kev lag luam, UV tau maj mam tsim mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws. Vim tias lub teeb ultraviolet muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tua cov cryptosporidium zoo thiab tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam, nws tau pom tias muaj kev lag luam zoo hauv kev kho dej. Hnub ci ntau dhau thiab hluav taws xob ultraviolet tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij, qhov muag thiab lub cev puas tsuaj. Ultraviolet rays tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tib neeg cov tawv nqaij thiab ua rau cov tawv nqaij laus ua ntej nws laus. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, hnub ci dermatitis, sunburn, los yog hnub ci keratosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias tshwm sim, ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Lub qhov muag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ultraviolet rays. Ultraviolet rays tuaj yeem ua rau lub lens puas thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob senile cataract.
18 Ozone antivirus
Ozone yog cov pa tawg ntawm chav tsev kub, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb, thiab yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws paub oxidant. Solubility ntawm ozone hauv dej yog tsawg (3%). Ozone muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv oxygen los ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog li ntawd, ozone tsis tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv lub raj mis cia, nws tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab siv tam sim ntawd. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm ozone feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj zog oxidation, uas ua rau cov enzymes poob haujlwm thiab ua rau cov kab mob tuag taus. Ozone yog cov kab mob dav dav, uas tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem rhuav tshem botulinum toxin.
Ozone muaj qhov pom tseeb tua cov kab mob hauv huab cua. Siv ozone nrog qhov concentration ntawm 30mg / m3 rau 15 feeb, tus nqi tua cov kab mob ntuj tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 90%. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv huab cua nrog ozone yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov tsis muaj neeg, thiab tsawg kawg 30 feeb tom qab tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem nkag mus. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev tua kab mob hauv cov chav ua haujlwm, pawg ntseeg, chav tsis muaj menyuam thiab lwm qhov chaw. Ozone muaj cov nyhuv tua kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw, tab sis cov nyhuv qeeb, feem ntau 60mg / m3, txheeb ze av noo ≥70%, thiab 60-120 feeb ntawm kev ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Ozone yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg, thiab lub xeev tau teev tseg tias qhov tso cai nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yog 0.2mg / m3, yog li kev tua kab mob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj neeg siv. Ozone yog lub zog oxidant, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam khoom puas. Qhov siab dua qhov concentration, qhov hnyav dua qhov kev puas tsuaj yuav yog. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim ntsuab xeb ntawm daim ntawv tooj liab, roj hmab aging, discoloration, thiab txo elasticity, uas ua rau brittleness, breakage, thiab bleaching thiab fading ntawm fabrics. Ua tib zoo saib thaum siv nws.
Thaum ozone siv rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, 0 ℃ yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov siab dua qhov kub, qhov ntau conducive rau decomposition ntawm ozone. Yog li ntawd, qhov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tsis zoo yog, cov av humidification yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm ozone, thiab cov av noo yuav tsum yog> 60%. Qhov siab dua cov av noo, qhov zoo dua qhov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Ozone yog irritating rau mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm tib neeg ua pa ib ntsuj av. Thaum cov ozone concentration hauv huab cua nce mus txog 1mg / L, nws tuaj yeem hnov qab. Thaum nws nce mus txog 2.5-5mg / L, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv dhia nrawm, qaug zog, thiab mob taub hau. Yog tias tib neeg nyob ntev dua 1 teev, lub ntsws tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Emphysema, ua rau tuag.
Yog li ntawd, tshuaj tua kab mob yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv unmanned tej yam kev mob. Tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob, nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias nws nres rau 30-50 feeb. 30-60 feeb tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob, ozone decomposes rau hauv oxygen los ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab nws tseem muaj cov nyhuv sterilizing thaum lub sij hawm decomposition. Yog li ntawd, tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob, yog tias chav tsev kaw, nws tseem tuaj yeem khaws cia rau 30-60 feeb. Ozone tuaj yeem tiv tauj ncaj qha nrog cov zaub mov, siv rau kev tua kab mob thiab khaws cia, tsis ua rau cov khoom noj muaj kuab lom, thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom noj. High-concentration ozone tuaj yeem muaj hnub nyoog roj hmab thiab ua rau cov nplooj ntawv tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ozone siv rau kev tua kab mob hauv huab cua, ozone ntshiab tsis siv, thiab nws yooj yim heev rau decompose. Ntxiv mus, nws yog feem ntau siv intermittently, yog li nws tsis yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ozone tuaj yeem deodorize, purify ib puag ncig, thiab ua kom huab cua ntshiab.
19 NICOLER sterilization technology (dynamic sterilization technology)
NICOLER yog muab los ntawm Greek lo lus, Ameslikas txhais tau tias" cov neeg yeej". Tam sim no nws yog hais txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ib txhij ntawm tib neeg thiab cov tshuab ntawm tib lub teb: rau kev tua kab mob hauv huab cua, tib neeg tsis tas yuav tawm hauv qhov chaw tua kab mob, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi rau tib neeg lub cev thaum tua kab mob thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Kev puas tsuaj, hom tshuaj tua kab mob no hu ua" dynamic disinfection" vim hais tias nws yog ib qho kev xyaum ua tau zoo ntawm tib neeg kom kov yeej cov kab mob ntuj tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, nws tseem hu ua" NICOLER sterilization technology".
NICOLER sterilization thev naus laus zis yog ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av noo, qhov kub thiab txias tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab tau txais qhov tseeb NICOLER peb-theem ob-txoj kev plasma electrostatic teb ua haujlwm txoj cai. Cov txheej txheem sterilization yog: lub plasma electrostatic teb yog tsim los ntawm high-voltage direct tam sim no pulses los tsim ib tug rov qab hluav taws xob nyhuv. Tsim kom muaj ntau cov ntshav plasma. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kiv cua tsis zoo, cov kab mob tsis zoo raug tua thiab decomposed thaum cov pa phem dhau los ntawm cov plasma electrostatic teb, kom lub chaw tswj tau tswj ntawm" sterile thiab tsis muaj plua plav" txheem. Txij li thaum tib neeg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia tib lub sijhawm thaum tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub rhiav, hom tshuaj tua kab mob no hu ua" NICOLER dynamic disinfection tshuab". Lub tshuab no yog cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj tua kab mob siab heev uas tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau tib lub sijhawm dynamic tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob thaum tib neeg ua haujlwm; nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov cuab yeej no kuj tau siv dav hauv qee cov zaub mov loj, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lwm yam lag luam. Ntim, txias thiab filling txuas.
Kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam
Cov kab mob ntau dhau tus qauv yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov. Yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab tau txais kev tswj xyuas nruj, tsim cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis tseem muaj cov kab mob ntau tshaj li tus qauv thaum lub sij hawm kuaj cov khoom. Raws li qhov xwm txheej no, raws li Mr. Zhou Lifa ntawm Shanghai Kangjiu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., uas tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom noj kom tsis muaj menyuam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom tsim khoom, tej zaum yuav yog lub tuam txhab' s zoo tswj tus saib xyuas tau nkag mus rau qhov kev tswj xyuas inertial tsis nkag siab vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv kev tswj microbial.
Lub npe hu ua inertial tswj txhais tau hais tias cov tswv lag luam ib txwm ntseeg tias cov zaub mov yuav tsis muaj kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob, xws li:
1, raw thiab auxiliary khoom tswj
2, tswj cov txheej txheem ua
3, txheej txheem tsim
4. Peb lub warehouse tswj ntawm raw khoom warehouse, auxiliary khoom warehouse thiab tiav cov khoom warehouse
5, cov neeg ua haujlwm huv huv tswj
6. Kho vajtse ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv.
Tab sis raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim ntawm microbes tshaj tus qauv tseem muaj.
Qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv: Ntxiv nrog rau kev tswj inertial, nws tseem yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv txog kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsis quav ntsej txog kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tsis tu ncua thiab tsis tu ncua thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem sterilization ib txwm raug tshuaj xyuas raws li hauv qab no:
Txoj kev ib
Ultraviolet teeb irradiation sterilization:
muaj zog bactericidal nyhuv, yooj yim rau nruab, yooj yim rau siv, thiab dav siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam. Raws li UV teeb muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev, nws tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv lub xeev zoo li qub (tsis muaj leej twg), uas muab sijhawm rau cov kab mob kom paug cov zaub mov hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag. Muaj lwm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet. Qhov zoo irradiation nrug yog 1.5 meters. Thaum nws qhib, feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv huab cua tsuas yog ib ntus stunned (pob hauv qab 0.6M lossis sab nraum qhov irradiation deb), thiab tsis tua tag nrho; Thaum muab tua, Cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas xav tsis thoob tom qab kev txav ntawm tib neeg thiab cov khoom yuav rov zoo, ua rau cov kab mob hauv huab cua.
Txoj kev ob
Tshuaj tsuag sterilization:
Xws li peroxyacetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, thiab lwm yam, muaj zog tua cov kab mob, thiab tus nqi qis. Vim muaj cov nyhuv gasification muaj zog, nws yog qhov khaus heev thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li qub (tsis muaj leej twg). Feem ntau cov tuam txhab xa khoom noj khoom haus tsis siv txoj kev txau rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias nws yooj yim heev ua rau muaj kuab paug thib ob. Cov tshuaj reagents yooj yim nyob hauv cov zaub mov, thiab lawv tseem cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lub paj hlwb, plab hnyuv thiab ua pa ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab muaj cov kab mob ua haujlwm ntev ntev.
Txoj kev peb
Ozone: Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tua cov kab mob phem thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis hnov tsw peculiar hauv kev cob qhia. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv. Nws cov nyhuv sterilization nyob ntawm cov av noo thiab ozone concentration nyob rau hauv lub rhiav. Siv nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo li qub (tsis muaj neeg siv), nws yuav oxidize thiab corrode cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv. Vim tias ozone tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg cov paj hlwb lom, mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws, nws raug nquahu kom tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib rau 2-3 teev tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg ua haujlwm nkag mus rau lub rooj cob qhia dua; Thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, kuj tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua haujlwm.
Plaub txoj hauv kev
Chav tsev huv si, qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws peb-theem pom yog siv los lim cov plua plav, thiab huab cua ntshiab ntxiv rau tib lub sijhawm, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo pom thiab qhov cua nws tus kheej tsis muaj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. yuav tsum tau koom tes nrog cov cuab yeej ozone. Tam sim no, chav huv huv tsis tuaj yeem nrov hauv kev lag luam khoom noj (tshwj tsis yog cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv) rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
1. Cov chav huv huv yog kim, siv hluav taws xob ntau, nquag hloov cov khoom hnav, thiab muaj cov nqi khiav lag luam loj; 2. Cov tuam txhab khoom noj uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau yog cov chaw tsim khoom qub, uas kim heev rau kev kho dua tshiab, thiab lawv tau muab pov tseg thaum hloov chaw lossis rov tsim kho dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, chav tsev tsis muaj plua plav tau dhau los ua ib hom khoom siv, ib hom duab project rau ntau lub lag luam, thiab nws tsuas yog qhib thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov superior.
Los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov saum toj no feem ntau siv txoj kev, cov nram qab no cov lus xaus yuav kos: ib txwm sterilization txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tsis tu ncua hauv tib neeg lub xeev, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam; Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov zaub mov los ntawm kev sib kis los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, cov huab cua dynamic rau tib neeg thiab kev siv tshuab yuav tsum tau ua. Txoj kev tshuaj tua kab mob txhais tau hais tias tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob yog nyob rau hauv tib lub rhiav, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv los tua kab mob tib lub sijhawm thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, nws raug zam tag nrho los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv chav sov dissipation thiab ntim cheeb tsam uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo. Ntau lub tuam txhab yuav tau paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm dynamic synchronous sterilization, tab sis nws tsis yog technically ua tau nws.
