Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntiaj teb' s cov nqaij npuas loj tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Tam sim no, kev noj nqaij npuas los ntawm Suav cov pej xeem tso nyiaj ntau dua 60% ntawm tag nrho cov kev noj nqaij. Nrog cov nqaij npuas ua kom ntau, ib qho nqaij npuas ntau yog tsim tau. Tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm nws siv hauv kev lag luam tanning, feem ntau nws tsis tuaj yeem siv tau zoo, uas ua rau cov pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv ntau ntawm cov nqaij npuas ua tau zoo. Nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev siv tshuab ua khoom noj, tib neeg maj mam muaj kev nkag siab tob dua ntawm cov pigkin, thiab tseem tau tsim ntau txoj hauv kev ntxiv los txuas ntxiv thiab siv cov tev npua, uas tau txhim kho nws cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.
Pigskin yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm dej, protein, ib qho me me ntawm cov rog thiab cov zaub mov me me. Ntawm lawv, cov ntsiab lus noo noo yog li 65%, cov roj ntsiab lus yog 2%, cov ntsiab lus ntxhia yog 0.5%, thiab cov protein yog 33%. Cov protein nyob hauv pigkin feem ntau yog collagen, nrog tus lej molecular ntawm txog 300,000 Daltons. Collagen lees paub txog 98% ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav ntawm lub dermis. Pigskin collagen muaj 18 hom amino acids, uas muaj cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho daim tawv nqaij elasticity. , Txo wrinkles, ua si tiv thaiv kev laus, lub luag haujlwm zoo nkauj, npua tawv nqaij yog cov muaj protein ntau, rog rog, thiab muaj qee yam kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov zaub mov. Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia luv luv rau ntau cov zaub mov ua los ntawm pigkin.
Ib, kev ua cov tawv nqaij plab
Daim tawv plab (tseem hu ua nqaij npuas ua tawv nqaij) yog ib txwm muaj txau neeg lub hauv Suav teb. Nws muaj cov xim daj-xim dawb, ua kom pom tseeb xim, zoo li lub pob pore zoo nkauj, tsis muaj khoob thaiv, thiab saj qab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua noj ua haus xws li sib tov, ci, ci, thiab ua kua zaub. Cov tawv nqaij hauv plab muaj cov protein thiab amino acids uas tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub cev, carbohydrates ntau dua 4 npaug tshaj li nqaij npuas, tab sis cov ntsiab lus rog tsuas yog 1/2 ntawm nqaij npuas, daim tawv nqaij lub plab tseem muaj ntau cov kab lus, tuaj yeem txhawb metabolism, noj lub ntsej muag thiab ya raws.
1, txheej txheem ntws tawm
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yog ntxuav, cov roj raug txiav, yas txiav, huab cua yog qhuav, roj tawm mus, cov roj sov tau rov qab mus rau qhov muag muag, cov roj tau tawg, cov roj tau txias, qhov hnyav tau ntim, thiab pob ntawv tau muag.
2. Ua cov txheej txheem thiab cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau
(1) Raw khoom tu
Sau cov ntawv me me ntawm cov tawv nqaij zoo thiab tawv nqaij tom qab tua thiab ua kom tiav, thiab lwm cov nqaij npuas tsis zoo, ntxuav lawv nrog dej sov, kho cov av, hau, tshem tawm impurities thiab tshem tawm cov hauv paus plaub hau, thiab coj tus qauv ntawm cov cag rub tawm, sim tsis txhob siv rab riam txhuam tus txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm plaub hau, kom tsis txhob tawm hauv cov plaub hau hauv cov nqaij tawv nqaij thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.
(2) Rog pub dawb
Kho cov roj tshuav ntawm thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog rab riam; nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis muaj ib txoj kab ntawm cov rog, yog li kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm" cov roj tawg" ;.
(3) plam thiab shaping
Cov ua kom huv huv thiab ua kom nqaij npuas zoo yog hlais thiab zoo li tus; qhov loj ntawm cov txiav txiav yog nyob ntawm 5 thiab 10 square centimeters; nws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 10 square centimeters, txwv tsis pub lub ntim yuav nyuaj tom qab cov roj tawg thiab nce; tsawg dua 5 square centimeters ntuj nphav kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav yam uas tsis txiav ua tej daim me me thiab rov kho dua, txwv tsis pub nws yooj yim ua rau tawg tsam tom qab ntim, thauj khoom thiab muag. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam, cov nqaij npuas ua ke tseem tuaj yeem ua kom zoo thiab txiav kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv.
(4) Qhuav
Muab cov txheej nyias nyias ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshiab tso rau ntawm daim ntaub xyoob quav ntawm qhov chaw qhib; qhuav cov nqaij npuas ua siv cov txheej txheem tshav ntuj kom qhuav li 7-10 hnub.
(5) Degrease
Tom qab 7 txog 10 hnub ntawm kev ziab, ntau cov hmoov av yuav poob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij qhuav, thiab cov roj ntau dhau yuav dhau los ntawm daim tawv nqaij qhuav, thiab tom qab ntawd sib xyaw nrog cov hmoov av los ua cov hmoov av uas muaj roj lo rau ntawm daim tawv qhuav. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov roj stains hauv kev ua haujlwm tom qab tawg kom tawg cov roj; Yog tias koj tsis tshem tawm cov roj txhuam rau hauv daim tawv nqaij npuas, koj tuaj yeem ua tsis tau daim tawv nqaij lub plab. Txoj kev tshem tawm: Muab cov nqaij npuas nqaij tawv tso rau hauv dej alkaline, siv txhuam txhuam kom ntxuav cov roj, thiab tom qab ntawd yaug nrog dej sov kom da dej.
(6) Cov roj sov thiab ua kom muag muag
Ua ntej cov roj tawg, cov nqaij npuas yuav tsum tau muag ntawm cov roj sov, uas yog tus yuam sij rau seb cov plaub hau puas sawv. Cov roj kub yuav tsum tswj nyob ntawm 40 ~ 50 ℃, qhov kub dua nws kuj yuav cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm cov plaub hau kev loj hlob. Txawm tias nws rov los rau hauv tus qauv lossis tsis nyob ntawm seb cov tawv nqaij mos npaum li cas. Cov txheej txheem kev khiav haujlwm no tsis tuaj yeem hais meej thiab meej meej hauv cov lus, tsuas yog kev coj ua ua kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm ua, thiab qhov kawg kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb.
(7) Roj tawg
Tom qab ua kom tawv muag, daim tawv nqaij oily yuav tsum ceev kom mos thiab tsis tawv. Tom qab cov roj kub hauv lub lauj kaub tau nce txog 80 ° C, cov nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem tso rau hauv cov roj thiab muab rhaub thaum tig; cov roj kub kom ncav cuag 120 ° C. tuaj yeem mus zoo. Cov roj kub yuav tsum tswj tau zoo thaum kev nce plaub hau, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau. Qhov tseem ceeb yog tswj qhov kev paub tab ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem, tsis laus thiab tsis daj, thiab tus qauv ntawm kev loj hlob tag nrho plaub hau.
(8) Cov roj tso dej txias
Cov tawv nqaij ua haujlwm tom qab tag nrho cov plaub hau kev loj hlob, tom qab hle nws tawm ntawm cov roj kub kub yias, yuav tsum tswj cov rog thiab txias nws rau chav sov ua ntej ntim. Tsis txhob ntim khoom uas tsis yog tswj cov roj thiab txo qhov kub, txwv tsis pub nws yuav cuam tshuam ob qho tib si ntim thiab cov khoom lag luam.
(9) Kev hnyav thiab ntim khoom
Cais ntim 250g / hnab thiab 500g / hnab, muab cov ntawv cim khoom noj, cim hnub tsim khoom, qhov hnyav ntawm txhua lub hnab yog qhov tseeb, thiab qhov ntau ntawm txhua lub thawv yog qhov tseeb; Daim ntawv lo ntawm lub hnab ntim sab hauv thiab sab nrauv thiab thawv ntawv cov zaub mov yog xwm yeem.
(10) Cov Muag Khoom
Chaw ntiav pw, tsev so, tsev so, txhua yam ntawm cov rooj noj mov kub, muag tau zoo txhua lub xyoo; kev noj zaub mov hauv tsev neeg nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav, feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis muaj khoom hauv cov kiab khw.
Thib ob, kev ua cov txheej txheem ntawm pickled npua tawv nqaij
Pickled nqaij npuas pigkin yog cov khoom noj txom ncauj tshiab hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qhov ncauj kom xis thiab du. Nws ua rau tag nrho siv cov txiaj ntsig kev noj haus thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm pigkin thiab tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
1, txheej txheem ntws tawm
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos khoom ua kom zoo, tshem tawm cov plaub hau, hlais, hloov kho, kho cov kab mob, kho lub cev kom qhuav, hnyav, ntim khoom, tsis haum, ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab ntim khoom.
2. Ua cov txheej txheem thiab cov haujlwm lag luam
(1) Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ua rau siv cov nqaij npuas noj qab nyob zoo thiab tshiab nqaij uas tau dhau qhov kev soj ntsuam tsiaj ua khoom siv, kho cov roj seem ntawm cov nqaij nqaij nrog daim riam; ntxuav cov nqaij npuas thiab muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub los ua noj, rhaub tom qab cov dej npau 3 ~ 5 feeb kom pib lub lauj kaub, cov nqaij npua tom qab lub lauj kaub tso rau hauv dej txias kom txias rau chav sov.
(2) Tom qab hu nkauj thiab tshem tawm impurities los ntawm cov nqaij npuas txias, txiav tus npua raws li qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Txhua daim ntawm pigkin tau muab faib ua qhov ntev ntawm 5-8cm thiab qhov dav ntawm 0.5-0.8cm.
(3) Kho cov nqaij npuas txiav nrog 1% papain rau 30 feeb, thiab tom qab ntawd ua noj kom txog thaum cov nqaij npuas ua siav. Tom qab txias lub yias, muab tso rau hauv lub thawv kom tsis muaj menyuam.
(4) Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov roj ntsha fermentation kua Nqus qee qhov dej huv, ntxiv 3% rau 5% ntawm cov lus ntsev, 2% mus rau 3% ntawm cov dawb granulated qab zib, 1% rau 2% piam thaj, 0.1% rau 0.3% kua txob , 0.7% rau 0.9% qej, 0.3% rau 0.5% lub hnub qub anise, 1% rau 2% qhiav, 4% rau 6% cov kua txob qus, muab sib xyaw ua ke rau 25 mus rau 30 feeb, thiab txias rau hauv qab 15 ℃, ntxiv tag nrho cov fermentation kua txiv 5% txog 8% kua txiv lws suav, inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum thiab Pediococcus npias raws li tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm kev kho kom haum ntawm 8% mus rau 10%, cov kab mob ntawm Lactobacillus plantarum thiab Pediococcus npias yog 1: 1, kaw thiab qhov kub tau tswj tau thaum txog 35 ℃ Fermentation rau pH tus nqi ntawm 3.5 ~ 4.5 rau hauv fermentation si.
(5) Fermentation ntawm pigkin Ntxiv cov faib thiab ua ntej ua ntej pigkin thiab fermentation si rau lub ntim kom huv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 1.2, ua kom cov npua ua dej hauv qab cov kua theem, tom qab ntawd npog lub ntim, kos tawm cov huab cua kom muab khi rau fermentation, Fermentation nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm 15 ~ 20 ℃ rau 12 ~ 18h, tom qab cov khoom ntim khoom, irradiation thiab kom tsis muaj menyuam mus rau cov khoom tiav.
Peb, txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov nqaij tawv npua
Uff Puffed pigkin yog cov khoom noj nrog nrog nqaij npuas. Nws yog crispy thiab crispy, nrog ib qho ntxim nyiam xim xim kub. Tom qab txau, qhov ntim ntawm pigkin yuav nce ntau dua kaum zaus dua li qhov qub. Raws li cov khoom noj txom ncauj nrov, nws tau txais zoo tau txais kev pab ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws nws nyiam.
1, txheej txheem ntws tawm
Kev ua kom huv, ua kom huv, ua kom tshem tawm, ua kom kub, ua kom qhuav, kib, txhaws, centrifugal degreasing, tshuaj tsw qab hloov kho, hnyav thiab ntim khoom.
2. Ua cov txheej txheem thiab cov haujlwm lag luam
(1) Raw khoom tu
Sau cov me me ntawm cov nqaij npua zoo thiab daim tawv nqaij tom qab tua thiab ua kom tiav, thiab lwm cov nqaij npuas tsis zoo, thiab ntxuav lawv nrog dej sov.
(2) Trimming
Kho cov av thiab txiv mis ntawm cov pigkin, tshem impurities thiab tshem tawm cov hauv paus plaub hau, thiab siv txoj kev tshem cov hauv paus hniav ntau li ntau tau. Tsis txhob siv cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kev chais plaub nrog riam kom tsis txhob tawm cov hauv paus plaub hau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.
(3) Rog free
Kho cov roj tshuav ntawm thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog rab riam; tshem tawm cov rog nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm npua kom ntau li ntau tau.
(4) rhaub
Tso cov nqaij npuas ua kom plaub hau rau hauv dej npau npau sodium bicarbonate thiab ua rau 30 feeb, nplawm tas li thaum ua noj.
(5) kom qhuav
Nws tau qhuav hauv qhov cub hluav taws xob kub ntawm 60 ℃ rau 8h, thiab nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov txheej nyias nyias hauv cov ntawv xyoob. Cov nqaij npuas nqaij tau qhuav los ntawm kev ziab kom qhuav, thiab lub sijhawm ziab li 7-10d.
(6) Fried puffing
Thaum kib, them sai sai rau nqus tag nrho cov pigkin hauv cov roj, tswj cov roj kub kom txog 200 ℃, lub sijhawm kib yog 55-65s, cov pigkin yog nthuav dav thiab saum npoo yog honeycomb.
(7) Perfuming
Cov kib ntawm cov nqaij qaib cia txias tau sai dua li 30 ～ 40 ℃. Raws li kev saj ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab, nrog cov caij nyoog sib txawv, lawv tau ua rau cov pob me me, uas tau txuam nrog cov nqaij npua nthuav dav;
Plaub, kev txheej txheem ua ntawm npua tawv nqaij jelly
Pigskin jelly yog ib hom muaj kev zoo siab thiab raug nyiaj tsawg dua kev zoo nkauj thiab kev noj qab haus huv, uas muaj cov kev lag luam pom dav dav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm poj niam cov neeg siv khoom, nws tuaj yeem ua ke ib txwm kev tsim tawm los txhim kho cov khoom sib txawv thiab nce cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, nrog rau cov khoom xyaw ua haujlwm xws li flavonoids lossis sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom xyaw codon xws li Codonopsis pilosula thiab Angelica sinensis los txhim kho txoj haujlwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom.
1, txheej txheem ntws tawm
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw, kev txiav tawm, degreasing, ntxuav, tshuaj dawb, nruab nrab, yaug, rwj, lim, txias, molding, hnyav, ntim khoom, thiab cov khoom tiav.
2. Ua cov txheej txheem thiab cov haujlwm lag luam
(1) Cov khoom siv raw xaiv
Xaiv cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv thiab tshiab npua uas tau dhau txoj kev kuaj tsiaj li khoom raw.
(2) Trimming
Ua ntej yaug cov pigkin nrog dej kub kom txiav, txiav tawm cov plaub hau plaub hau, txhuam tawm ntawm cov rog muaj roj me me nrog rab riam, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav rau cov ntawv txiav uas tsim nyog.
(3) Kev txo qis
Tso cov pigkin rau hauv lub ntim, ntxiv 1% cov quav noj kom tsau cov nqaij npuas, ua kom lub cev txias rau 80 ℃, ua kom cov kabmob ua kom tawv nqaij mos muag thiab o, thiab lub dermis collagen yuav nthuav dav.
(4) Tshuaj dawb
Tso cov nqaij npuas rau hauv ib lub taub ntim, muab nws tso rau hauv 0.5% hydrogen peroxide tov ntawm 50 ° C rau 15 feeb, thiab ua kom nplawm kom txog thaum daim tawv nqaij dawb, txhais tes hnov du thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
(5) Qhov nruab nrab tsis tu thiab huv
Ntxiv 1% dej kub vinegar txhawm rau txhuam, sib piv rau qhov seem ntawm hydrogen peroxide, thiab tom qab ntawd yaug nrog dej ob zaug ntxiv kom paub meej tias qhov huv ntawm qhov ua piv txwv.
(6) Ua noj
Cov pigkin tau rhaub tom qab tau ziab kom dawb thiab ntxig kom huv, uas yog, muab rhaub, siv 1: 3 piv ntawm cov khoom tso rau dej, thiab muab hau rau 3 teev.
(7) Kev pom thiab txias molding
Siv cov sab cib los lim cov kua zaub rau hauv lub ntim, ntim nws kom zoo, thiab tom qab txias, muab tso rau hauv tub yees kom tso rau hauv tub yees kom txias thiab coj nws tawm thaum noj mov.
Lub tshuab ua kom microwave yuav pab koj kom tau txais cov npuaj npua ntxiv kuj yog, yog tias koj xav ua cov khoom noj pigkin los ntawm lub tshuab microwave, thov hu rau peb.
